Yttria Stabilized Zirconia (YTZP)

Transformation Toughening of YTZP How it Resists Crack Propagation

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Yttria Stabilized Zirconia (YTZP) is the strongest ceramic material we offer. YTZP is a purely tetragonal phase, fine grain material. This material offers the highest flexural strength of all Zirconia based materials. YTZP exhibits a trait called transformation toughening which allows it to resist crack propagation. Applied stress, magnified by the stress concentration at a crack tip, can cause the tetragonal phase to convert to monoclinic, with the associated volume expansion.

This phase transformation can then put the crack into compression, retarding its growth, and enhancing the fracture toughness. This mechanism significantly extends the reliability and lifetime of products made with stabilized zirconia. YTZP is well suited to replacing metals due to its extremely high strength and toughness, it also offers far higher resistance to chemicals and superior erosion resistance.

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Property Charts & Safety Data Sheets
Property Charts	Yttria Stabilized Zirconia (YTZP)
Master Ceramics Property Chart	Full Color Printer Friendly - Color Printer Friendly - B&W
Safety Data Sheets	Dense Yttria Stabilized Zirconia Ceramic Spray Dried Yttria Stabilized Zirconia Powder (RTP)

Prime Features
Very high mechanical strength	Very low thermal conductivity
High impact resistance	High chemical resistance (acids/bases)
Very high wear resistance	High corrosion resistance
Very high erosion resistance

Typical Applications
Structural ceramics	Fiber optic ferrules and sleeves
Wear parts	Oxygen sensors
Cutting tools (knives, blades, shears)	Precision ball valve, balls and seats
Deep well, down hole components	Rollers and guide for metal tube forming
Thread and wire guides	Hot metal extrusion dies
Thermal barrier coatings	Solid oxide fuel cell components

Application Limitations
YTZP Properties degrade rapidly when exposed to water vapor at 200 - 300° C.	Strength & toughness degrade with increasing temperature, generally limiting structural use to below 500° C.

Materials Property Chart

		Zirconias
	Property	ASTM Method	Units	YTZP 2000 (Yttria Stabilized)	YTZP 4000 (Yttria Stabilized)
General	Crystal Size (Average)	Thin Section	Microns	1	1
	Color	--	--	Ivory	Ivory
	Gas Permeability	--	atms-cc/sec	gas tight <10^-10	gas tight <10^-10
	Water Absorption	C 20-97	%	0	0
Mechanical	Density	C 20-97	g/cc	6.02	6.07
	Hardness	Vickers 500gm	GPa (kg/mm²)	12.5 (1250)	12.5 (1250)
	Hardness	--	R45N	80	80
	Fracture Toughness	Notched Beam	MPam^1/2	10	10
	Flexural Strength (MOR) (3 point) @ RT	F417-87	MPa (psi x 10³	951 (138)	1380 (200)
	Tensile Strength @ RT	--	MPa (psi x 10³)	550 (80)	690 (100)
	Compressive Strength @ RT	--	MPa (psi x 10³)	2485 (360)	2485 (360)
	Elastic Modulus	C848	GPa (psi x 10⁶)	210 (30)	210 (30)
	Poisson's Ratio	C848	--	0.30	0.30
Thermal	C.T.E. 25 - 100° C	C 372-96	x 10^-6/C	6.9	6.9
	C.T.E. 25 - 300° C	C 372-96	x 10^-6/C	8.1	8.1
	C.T.E. 25 - 600° C	C 372-96	x 10^-6/C	10.5	10.5
	Thermal Conductivity @ RT	C 408	W/m K	2.2	2.2
	Max Use Temp	--	Fahrenheit (°F)	932	932
	Max Use Temp	--	Celsius (°C)	500	500
Electrical	Dielectric Strength (.125" Thick)	D 149-97A	V/mil	240	240
	Dielectric Constant @ 1 MHz	D 150-98	--	30.0	30.0
	Dielectric Loss @ 1 MHz	D 150-98	--	0.0010	0.0010
	Volume Resistivity, 25°C	D 257	ohms-cm	> 1 x 10¹³	> 1 x 10¹³
	Volume Resistivity, 300°C	D 1829	ohms-cm	1 x 10¹⁰	1 x 10¹⁰
	Volume Resistivity, 500°C	D 1829	ohms-cm	1 x 10⁶	1 x 10⁶
	Volume Resistivity, 700°C	D 1829	ohms-cm	5 x 10³	5 x 10³

Note: The information in this data sheet is for design guidance only. STC does not warrant this data as absolute values. Forming methods and specific geometry could affect properties. Slight adjustments can be made to some of the properties to accommodate specific customer requirements. Most of the dense materials in the table are resistant to mechanical erosion and chemical attack. STC has performed ASTM testing qualification for certain compositions, in accordance with ASTM D2442. Please consult our technical staff for appropriate material and specific test results.

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