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Yttria Stabilized Zirconia (YTZP)

Transformation Toughening of YTZP How it Resists Crack Propagation White Paper 2

Yttria Stabilized Zirconia (YTZP) is the strongest ceramic material we offer. YTZP is a purely tetragonal phase, fine grain material. This material offers the highest flexural strength of all Zirconia based materials. YTZP exhibits a trait called transformation toughening which allows it to resist crack propagation. Applied stress, magnified by the stress concentration at a crack tip, can cause the tetragonal phase to convert to monoclinic, with the associated volume expansion.

This phase transformation can then put the crack into compression, retarding its growth, and enhancing the fracture toughness. This mechanism significantly extends the reliability and lifetime of products made with stabilized zirconia. YTZP is well suited to replacing metals due to its extremely high strength and toughness, it also offers far higher resistance to chemicals and superior erosion resistance.

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Property Charts & Safety Data Sheets
Property Charts Yttria Stabilized Zirconia (YTZP)
Master Ceramics Property Chart Full Color
Printer Friendly - Color 
Printer Friendly - B&W
Safety Data Sheets Dense Yttria Stabilized Zirconia Ceramic
Spray Dried Yttria Stabilized Zirconia Powder (RTP)
Prime Features
Very high mechanical strength Very low thermal conductivity
High impact resistance High chemical resistance (acids/bases)
Very high wear resistance High corrosion resistance
Very high erosion resistance  
Typical Applications
Structural ceramics Fiber optic ferrules and sleeves
Wear parts Oxygen sensors
Cutting tools (knives, blades, shears) Precision ball valve, balls and seats
Deep well, down hole components Rollers and guide for metal tube forming
Thread and wire guides Hot metal extrusion dies
Thermal barrier coatings Solid oxide fuel cell components
Application Limitations
YTZP Properties degrade rapidly when exposed to water vapor at 200 - 300° C. Strength & toughness degrade with increasing temperature, generally limiting structural use to below 500° C.
Materials Property Chart
  Zirconias
  Property ASTM Method Units YTZP 2000 (Yttria Stabilized) YTZP 4000 (Yttria Stabilized)
General Crystal Size (Average) Thin Section Microns 1 1
Color -- -- Ivory Ivory
Gas Permeability -- atms-cc/sec gas tight <10-10 gas tight <10-10
Water Absorption C 20-97 % 0 0
Mechanical Density C 20-97 g/cc 6.02 6.07
Hardness Vickers 500gm GPa (kg/mm2) 12.5 (1250) 12.5 (1250)
Hardness -- R45N 80 80
Fracture Toughness Notched Beam MPam1/2 10 10
Flexural Strength (MOR)
(3 point) @ RT		 F417-87 MPa (psi x 103 951 (138) 1380 (200)
Tensile Strength @ RT -- MPa (psi x 103) 550 (80) 690 (100)
Compressive Strength @ RT -- MPa (psi x 103) 2485 (360) 2485 (360)
Elastic Modulus C848 GPa (psi x 106) 210 (30) 210 (30)
Poisson's Ratio C848 -- 0.30 0.30
Thermal C.T.E. 25 - 100° C C 372-96 x 10-6/C 6.9 6.9
C.T.E. 25 - 300° C C 372-96 x 10-6/C 8.1 8.1
C.T.E. 25 - 600° C C 372-96 x 10-6/C 10.5 10.5
Thermal Conductivity @ RT C 408 W/m K 2.2 2.2
Max Use Temp -- Farenheit (°F) 932 932
-- Celsius (°C) 500 500
Electrical Dielectric Strength (.125" Thick) D 149-97A V/mil 240 240
Dielectric Constant @ 1 MHz D 150-98 -- 30.0 30.0
Dielectric Loss @ 1 MHz D 150-98 -- 0.0010 0.0010
Volume Resistivity, 25°C D 257 ohms-cm > 1 x 1013 > 1 x 1013
Volume Resistivity, 300°C D 1829 ohms-cm 1 x 1010 1 x 1010
Volume Resistivity, 500°C D 1829 ohms-cm 1 x 106 1 x 106
Volume Resistivity, 700°C D 1829 ohms-cm 5 x 103 5 x 103
Note: The information in this data sheet is for design guidance only. STC does not warrant this data as absolute values. Forming methods and specific geometry could affect properties. Slight adjustments can be made to some of the properties to accommodate specific customer requirements. Most of the dense materials in the table are resistant to mechanical erosion and chemical attack. STC has performed ASTM testing qualification for certain compositions, in accordance with ASTM D2442. Please consult our technical staff for appropriate material and specific test results.